Surgical treatment improves outcomes for patients with tracheoesophageal fistula and tracheal stenosis, indicating better approaches for complex cases.
The problem of surgical treatment for TEF remains relevant. Basic diagnostic and surgical principles significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative complications and mortality. However, this is less true for TEF with simultaneous tracheal stenosis. These patients constitute the most complex and severe group. Simultaneous surgeries (TEF closure and correction of stenosis via circular tracheal resection with anastomosis) are preferable. In case of TEF recurrence, redo surgeries are possible with favorable results.
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Parshin et al. (2026) studied this question.
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