ABSTRACT Achieving sustainable development is one of the most important goals for countries. Achieving this depends on accurately identifying its determinants. This study aims to identify the various factors that contribute to sustainable development in the United States. For this purpose, the effects of globalization, energy uncertainty, ecological footprint, and ESG‐based uncertainty on sustainable development were examined for the period from 2002 to 2022. The study examined the stationarity of the variables, the long‐term relationship, and the coefficients related to this relationship using appropriate methods that also account for structural breaks, respectively. The robustness of the results was tested with three different long‐term estimators, for example, ARDL, FMOLS, and CCR. Accordingly, ecological footprint, energy uncertainty, and globalization were found to have negative effects on sustainable development, while ESG‐based uncertainty had positive effects. These results are expected to inform the United States' approach to achieving sustainable development by ensuring that the ESG has been planned, implemented, and reported as a market commitment to answer the sustainable development progress and emphasizing globalization in a sustainable manner.
Aydin et al. (Wed,) studied this question.