Protein Immobilization using Microfluidics

A lab-on-a-chip experiment that demonstrates the creation of immobilized protein patterns using a microfluidic approach is described here. Microscopic glass slides are functionalized with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). Then a microfluidic platform comprising of microchannels is used to deliver the protein to a confined area on the glass substrate. Protein reacts with the SAM to create a covalent bond, thereby immobilizing the protein on the substrate in a pattern that corresponds to the design of microchannels. Immunofluorescence can be used to visualize the immobilized protein patterns after removal of the microchannels. The experiment is specifically aimed at teaching students fundamental concepts from a variety of disciplines including laminar fluid flow in microchannels, molecular self-assembly driven by van der Waals forces, and chemical surface modification techniques. Also, we elaborate on potential applications for these patterned surfaces.