Model-Based evaluation of series-connected tri-electrode zinc-air cell architectures

Zinc is distributed widely in nature, and Zinc-air batteries are gaining considerable interest among researchers due to the increasing demand for energy storage systems. To ensure the effective integration of these batteries through reliable Battery Management Systems, it is essential to establish appropriate battery models. This paper explores the dynamical modeling of secondary zinc-air cells for control purposes, presenting an electrical circuit model designed to estimate their voltage output. Additionally, the model is extended to assess the voltage output of a series-connected module made up of two cells. The analysis also examines the impact of differently aged cells on voltage estimation and module performance, laying the groundwork for future monitoring of potential faults within battery management systems.