Retained fetal membranes in mares: a review

Background : Retained fetal membranes is one of the most common postpartum problems encountered and managed in a practice setting. Although our knowledge of pathophysiology is improving, we are unable to predict its occurrence and apply preventive measures; therefore, we are left treating the condition upon presentation. Despite some new treatment options being developed in the past 10 years, practitioners still experience cases refractory to therapy and the potential adverse consequences remain life threatening. Aim of the article : To update the reader on current theories of pathophysiology of the condition, review the current therapeutic approaches available, discuss how to manage cases where the fetal membranes cannot be immediately removed, and consider how to recognise and manage complications.