Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells – An Unigue Model for Studying of the Human Brain in Normal and Pathological Conditions

The discovery of human induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSC) has opened the new opportunities for fundamental, translational, and clinical research. The ability for unlimited growth and differentiation into various cell types makes IPSC an unique model for a wide range of scientific research. The ability to edit the IPSC genome of patients suffering with hereditary diseases allows them to be used in regenerative medicine. This review will provide data on the use of IPSC to study the functioning of the human nervous system in normal and pathological conditions. Special attention will be paid to the production, cultivation and application of three-dimensional (3D) cultures of neuronal and glial cells for the study of the human nervous system, as well as the achievements and prospects of cell replacement therapy.