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March 29, 2026Gushengwu xuebao0 citations

New insights into the caudal appendages and ecology of priapulid Selkirkia from the Cambrian Chengjiang Biota

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YZYixuan ZhuQOQiang OuJHJian HanNortheast Petroleum University

Key Points

  • This research aims to investigate the ecology and morphology of Selkirkia, focusing on its unique features and adaptive strategies during the Cambrian period.
  • Optical microscopy
  • High-performance micro X-ray fluorescence
  • Laser Raman spectroscopy
  • Systematic analysis of Selkirkia fossils
  • Identified elliptical structures as pairs of caudal appendages that could propel Selkirkia and disturb sediments.
  • Observed cone-shaped drag traces in fossils providing evidence of movement.
  • Proposed that Selkirkia can grow its tube by adding material rather than discarding it during molting.
  • Confirmed that the tube is secreted by glands in the organism for defense against predators.

Abstract

蜕皮类群鳃曳动物(Priapulida)化石记录出现于寒武纪早期,在寒武纪具有非常高的形态差异度和个体丰度,是当时海洋中底内优势生物类群。产自云南晋宁黑林铺组玉案山段的塞尔扣克虫属(Selkirkia)因具有一刚性的锥形栖管而区别于其他鳃曳动物,其管末端卵圆形结构的性质长期存在争议。本研究基于Selkirkia化石标本,结合光学显微观察、高性能微区X射线荧光及激光拉曼光谱分析,对该结构进行系统研究。我们推测,位于Selkirkia躯干末端、可伸出栖管外的卵圆形结构为不等大的双瓣形尾肢结构,而部分栖管末端的卵圆形结构则是由尾肢分泌而成。尾肢在伸出时或可产生推进力,并在转向时扰动沉积物,部分标本保存的规则锥状拖曳痕迹为其运动功能提供了直接证据。此外,我们认为Selkirkia蜕皮时并不会抛弃已有栖管而重新分泌新栖管,而是通过管口末端增生来适应生长需求。我们推测Selkirkia的栖管是翻吻下部的腺体分泌形成,由虫体在栖管内分泌。栖管的存在能够有效防御天敌攻击,降低被捕食的风险,也体现了其独特的节能策略。综合尾肢形态、运动方式与蜕皮模式,Selkirkia可能采用非固着的表栖与内栖相结合的生活方式,管体为其提供防御,尾肢和发达的吻部赋予其底栖活动能力。本研究不仅揭示了Selkirkia的生活方式与运动策略,也为理解寒武纪鳃曳动物的生态多样性提供了新的证据。

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Cite This Study

Zhu et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69c8c25dde0f0f753b39ca74https://doi.org/10.3724/aps.2026005
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