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Analysis reveals a five-dimensional structure of energy across fundamental forces, suggesting a universal identity.
An extended dimensional analysis framework defined by three axioms — displacement, velocity, and the electric field each carry dimensional index 1 — with five standard operation rules. The framework derives that time carries index 0, mass and charge carry index 3, energy carries index 5, and the magnetic field is dimensionless. Verified against 66 equations spanning all major branches of physics with zero violations. The framework reveals a universal structural identity across all four known fundamental forces: field = 1, potential = 2, coupling = 0, source = 3, energy = 5.
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Amit K. Biswas (2026) studied this question.
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