Two Cases of Severe Cytomegalovirus Disease in Nontransplant Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients Treated With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is a rare but significant complication among nontransplant pediatric leukemia patients. CMV infection has been observed in patients receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) indicated for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+), and Philadelphia chromosome-like (Ph-like) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, there is limited published data regarding CMV disease in nontransplant leukemia patients treated with TKIs. Observations: We present 2 cases of severe CMV disease in Ph+ and Ph-like ALL patients treated with TKI plus chemotherapy without transplant. Conclusions: We highlight this uncommon but serious adverse event in the pediatric population.