The impact of varying lithium concentrations introduced into hydroxyapatite has been extensively documented, spanning a wide range of concentrations from 1 to 20 mol.%. It has been demonstrated that an increase in the content of Li ions is associated with enhanced growth of relative dielectric permittivity. Concurrently, the introduction of lithium does not elicit acute cytotoxicity and is conducive to the proliferation of MG-63 cells in vitro, as observed over a seven-day period.
Goldberg et al. (2025) studied this question.