What does this research mean for the field?

Highly proficient bilinguals engage similar grammatical and extra-grammatical constraints during sentence comprehension across their first and second languages, though the strength and prioritization of these constraints in the L2 are modulated by individual variability and L2 proficiency. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

The research aims to understand how bilinguals interpret non-local dependencies in their first and second languages, focusing on constraints in sentence comprehension.

March 29, 2026Open Access

Constraint sensitivity in L1 and L2: A within-subject investigation of non-local dependencies

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The research aims to understand how bilinguals interpret non-local dependencies in their first and second languages, focusing on constraints in sentence comprehension.
Conducted two empirical studies using behavioral and neurophysiological (ERP) methods.
Examined cataphoric pronoun resolution and filler-gap dependency formation in proficient bilinguals.
Utilized offline judgments and real-time ERP tracking to assess language processing.
Analyzed sensitivity to grammatical and extra-grammatical constraints in both languages.
Found consistent application of constraints across L1 and L2 at the group level.
Observed variability in constraint sensitivity influenced by language status and L2 proficiency.
ERP responses to syntactic violations were similar across both languages.
Correlation of individual responses to constraints was high across L1 and L2.

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Implication

This dissertation investigates how bilinguals process non-local dependencies in L1 and L2, indicating similar constraint applications but with variable strength based on proficiency.

Cite This Study

Ioannis Iliopoulos (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69c8c399de0f0f753b39e6c8 https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-69983

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Implication

This dissertation investigates how bilinguals process non-local dependencies in L1 and L2, indicating similar constraint applications but with variable strength based on proficiency.

Constraint sensitivity in L1 and L2: A within-subject investigation of non-local dependencies

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

Constraint sensitivity in L1 and L2: A within-subject investigation of non-local dependencies

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

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