Rapid urbanization and population growth have intensified global waste generation, posing serious environmental, social, and economic challenges. Traditional waste disposal methods such as landfilling and open dumping are increasingly unsustainable. As a result, there is a rising demand for intelligent, scalable, and real-life waste management solutions that incorporate technology, community engagement, and environmental innovation. This paper provides an overview of modern waste management techniques, including smart waste bins, IoT-enabled monitoring systems, waste-to-energy technologies, segregation automation, recycling solutions, and community-driven sustainability models. The study highlights their architecture, implementation potential, advantages, challenges, and comparison with existing methods.
R et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
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