This article explores a framework for tech diplomacy, revealing how states use technology for influence and resilience.
Tech diplomacy is now established as both the governance of digital and emerging technologies and the diplomatic engagement of states with a broad ecosystem of non-state actors (including tech giants, civil society, international organisations, and expert communities). What remains undertheorized is a third dimension: diplomacy through technology. This article argues that states increasingly deploy infrastructure, standards, digital public infrastructure, innovation ecosystems, and technological hosting arrangements as instruments of diplomatic influence, trust-building, resilience, and geopolitical positioning.
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Ayumi Moore Aoki (2026) studied this question.
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