Editorial discusses challenges of immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating non-small cell lung cancer, highlighting implications for therapy.
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death, and immune 21 checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized its treatment by reactivating the immune system to tumor cells [1,2] . Despite significant improvements in patient outcomes, ICIs present 23 several key challenges: inconsistent efficacy across populations, complex resistance mechanisms, 24 and treatment-related toxicities [2,3]
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Liu et al. (2026) studied this question.
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