The Dawn of Therapeutic Advancements in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis

Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) are chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory conditions that significantly impact the physical, mental, and social well-being of patients and present a serious public health concern. The traditional system of medicine has given way, in recent decades, to a more realistic objective of lasting remission owing to innovative therapeutic approaches. Advances in immunopathogenesis facilitated this transition by enabling the incorporation of broad-spectrum immunosuppressants, including biologic medicines, to target key inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-23. Additionally, the emergence of potent inhibitors of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), Janus Kinase (JAK), and Tyrosine Kinase 2 (TYK2) expanded the treatment options. Here in this review, we critically analyze conventional medicine and novel receptor modulators, biologics, along with their mechanism as promising interventional options and limitations. In addition to this, the article also covers several challenges like the burden of comorbidities, access inequalities, and patient preference in therapy selection, including combination therapy and future prospects, such as personalized medicine.