Addressing the Surge of Monkeypox Disease through the Utilisation of Advanced Analytical Tools and Advanced Drug Delivery Platforms

Introduction: Monkeypox (Mpox) is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV) with no approved antivirals. Smallpox vaccines have been used as preventive measures; however, supplies are limited and unreliable for post-exposure protection. Methodology: A comprehensive 15-year review (2008–2025) identified advances in vesicular nano formulation for monkeypox therapy, including marine-derived agents and nanoparticle delivery systems, revealing enhanced efficacy and mechanistic insights for targeted treatment. Thus, the progress in drug development and nanoparticle-mediated delivery strategies has been summarised in this paper. Results: Sophisticated tools, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), real-time PCR, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS), significantly enhance monkeypox surveillance and diagnosis, while portable diagnostic devices, such as CRISPR-based assays and LAMP, enable point-of-care testing. Advanced imaging techniques, including photoacoustic microscopy, offer high-resolution, non-invasive visualisation of MPXV. Discussion: To overcome current challenges in monkeypox management, integrating innovative drug delivery systems and advanced analytical technologies with nanotechnology, particularly a microneedle-mediated delivery system, may improve the effectiveness of monkeypox treatments. Conclusion: Advances in diagnostics, surveillance, and nanotechnology are reshaping how we detect and manage the disease, but sustained control requires international collaboration, crossdisciplinary research, and improved access to healthcare resources to build long-term global health resilience.