A 17-year-old female patient presented with a 4-year history of recurrent spontaneous right frontotemporal headaches lasting approximately 30 min. Neurological examination and laboratory testing were unremarkable, and there was no history of hypertension, heart disease, or growth retardation. The subfigure (a) axial post-contrast image and subfigure (b) reconstructed image from magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging clearly demonstrated a vein of Galen malformation with bilateral sigmoid sinus occlusion (green arrows). The feeding arteries were clearly visible (yellow arrows), and diffuse, uniform enhancement of the venous wall and the walls of the draining veins was also observed after gadolinium administration (red arrows). The patient declined endovascular treatment; therefore, close clinical follow-up was recommended to monitor for disease progression. You Zhou: writing – original draft. Yuting Wang: conceptualization, writing – review and editing. We express our heartfelt gratitude to the patient and her family who have provided us with their medical histories and clinical records. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Youth Project) (Grant 82202123). This article is a practice-oriented case study description. As such, the creation of this case study article did not involve any formal research study, and IRB review was not required for this article. The informed consent was obtained from the patient and her family. The article does not contain any identifiable information about the patient to ensure the patient's privacy. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Zhou et al. (2026) studied this question.