Stadiums are large buildings that attract attention due to their high energy consumption and environmental impact. Considering the effects of climate change, the integration of sustainable energy solutions and energy efficiency is of great importance in the design and planning of these buildings. This study focuses on pitch lighting, which accounts for a significant and fluctuating share of energy consumption in stadiums, and aims to reduce its carbon footprint through the integration of renewable energy. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of achieving a net-zero annual energy balance for different levels of field lighting of a football stadium in accordance with FIFA lighting standards with solar energy systems in different climate zones and under future climate change scenarios. In addition, it is aimed at revealing the effect of climate change scenarios and climate zone differences on the azimuth angle, tilt angle, and area of the solar panel. In the study, a stadium model was created using parametric design—Grasshopper—and optimization software; lighting systems were designed according to FIFA standards, and lighting performance on the field was optimized with simulations through ClimateStudio and Galapagos. Based on Liverpool FC’s home match data, the annual illumination time is calculated, and the azimuth angle, tilt angle, and area of the solar panel systems are optimized for different climate scenarios. The most useful result of this study is that it demonstrates that the solar panel area required to meet stadium lighting needs varies depending on climate scenarios and geographical conditions and that the same energy production can be achieved with less panel area in low-emission scenarios. For instance, simulation results for Liverpool under the RCP 2.6 scenario show a decrease in the required panel area from 86.09 m2 in 2050 to 84.27 m2 by 2100. Similarly, in Moscow for the year 2050, the medium-emission scenario (RCP 4.5) requires a larger panel area (92.22 m2) compared to the low-emission RCP 2.6 scenario (88.12 m2) to achieve the same energy output.
Fikret Bademci (Sun,) studied this question.