Building on the theoretical and empirical link between nationalism and materialism, this paper seeks to justify and explain the constructivism- primordialism dichotomy. The study models materialist value orientation as a predictor of primordial and constructivist nationalism in European societies at both the individual and the collective level. The analysis is limited to European countries in which factor analysis distinguishes between the two aforementioned dimensions of nationalism. Empirically, the study relies on data from the latest wave of the European Values Study (EVS), based on a representative European sample, and applies mixed linear modeling as the main quantitative method. The results indicate that in a subset of European societies (Central and Eastern Europe), nationalism exhibits the two theoretically expected dimensions. The findings show that primordial nationalism is explained by individual-level materialism, collective-level materialism, and their micro-macro interaction. In contrast, constructivist nationalism appears as a weak collective identity, not significantly associated with sociodemographic or macro-level factors. Overall, the results support the argument that different dimensions of nationalism follow divergent logics of emergence and reproduction, and that the socio-economic ?climate? selectively shapes those forms of national identification that are more open to institutional framing and political reinterpretation
Sofija Ljubišić (Thu,) studied this question.