Unified Framework for General Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, Thermodynamics, the Standard Model, and the Emergence of Fundamental Constants

We present Information Field Theory (IFT), a complete and fully closed unified framework in which spacetime geometry, inertial mass, all four fundamental forces — including the complete SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1) Standard Model gauge structure — quantum dynamics, thermodynamics, cosmological dark energy, and the self-similar structure of natural spiral forms all emerge from a single scalar field: the information density rho(x). The Madelung decomposition Psi = sqrt(rho)*exp(i*Phi/hbar) separates physics into two orthogonal sectors: amplitude rho(x) governs geometry and mass via the Fisher information metric g_ij = del_i del_j log Z; phase Phi(x) governs all gauge forces. The variational closure equation Box(ln rho) + (1/2)*dV/d(ln rho) = xi*R makes rho a dynamical propagating field. The quantum sector is rigorously closed by the Bohm quantum potential Q = -(hbar^2/2m)*nabla^2(sqrt(rho))/sqrt(rho). Fifteen equations are verified against published data to better than 3% accuracy. Key results: Lambda (0.09%), FMO coherence 400 fs (1%), electroweak masses (< 0.3%), strong coupling over four decades (< 0.08%), Hawking temperature (0.00%). The lepton mass hierarchy is reproduced to better than 0.01% using the corrected geometric damping formula m_n = m_0*cosh(n*xi_gen)*exp(-beta*n^2) with beta = 0.272, xi_gen = 1.960. The fine structure constant alpha ~ 1/137 is reproduced as the inverse number of coherent vacuum modes: alpha⁻¹ = N ~ 137. A new gravitational-wave time-delay prediction Delta_t ~ 0.1 microseconds is derived for cosmological BH mergers. Five falsifiable predictions are established with complete executable Python code.