Fault diagnosis of rolling bearings in wind turbines is significantly challenged by strong noise, non-stationary signals, and multi-source interference. To address these issues, a Multi-Scale Attention Residual Graph Convolutional Network (MSAR-GCN) is proposed. First, a fully connected graph is constructed in the frequency domain using a temporal segmentation strategy, which preserves full spectral resolution and captures cross-frequency coupling features via node embeddings. Second, a multi-scale residual module with a cross-layer pyramid structure is designed to extract features at varying granularities, integrated with a dynamic multi-head attention mechanism to adaptively emphasize damage-sensitive frequency bands. Additionally, a hierarchical feature distillation mechanism is employed to compress high-dimensional features, ensuring model lightweighting while retaining critical fault information. Experimental validations on CWRU and JNU datasets demonstrate that MSAR-GCN achieves 97.02% and 92.5% accuracy under −10 dB Gaussian noise, respectively, outperforming existing methods by over 4%. Specifically, the model exhibits exceptional robustness, maintaining 93.09% accuracy under severe non-Gaussian impulsive noise. With verified feature separability and high computational efficiency, the proposed method offers a promising solution for high-precision, real-time industrial fault diagnosis.
Liu et al. (Sun,) studied this question.