Lung Cancer

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with significant clinical and public health implications. Aim: To provide a concise overview of the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, and current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to lung cancer Methods: A narrative review was conducted using recent literature from peer-reviewed journals, standard oncology textbooks, and international guidelines, focusing on advances in screening, molecular diagnostics, and targeted therapies. Results: Tobacco smoking remains the predominant risk factor, though non-smoking-related cases are increasing. Early-stage disease is often asymptomatic, leading to delayed diagnosis. Low-dose computed tomography has improved early detection in high-risk populations. Molecular profiling has enabled personalized treatment, including targeted therapy and immunotherapy, significantly improving survival in selected patients. Conclusion: Strategies for early detection and precision medicine have changed the way lung cancer is managed, but it's important to keep focusing on prevention and getting a diagnosis right away to reduce the burden of the disease.