Axially Nitrogen-Doped Cycloparaphenylenes with Conformationally Adaptive Dihydrophenazine Units

We report the design and synthesis of a series of dihydrophenazine-embedded macrocycles as axially nitrogen-doped cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs). The conformational flexibility of the dihydrophenazine units favors the formation of highly strained three-membered macrocycles whose pronounced bending leads to distinct photophysical and electrochemical properties. This work deepens our understanding of conformation-property relationships in dihydrophenazine systems and expands synthetic approaches to axially nitrogen-doped CPPs.