The Phenomenological Study on the Pre- and Post-operative Experience and Quality of Life Changes in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty

Objective: We explored pre-and postoperative experiences and quality of life changes among middle-aged and older adults undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and identified psychological and social meanings embedded in their recovery process.Design: A phenomenological qualitative study using Colaizzi's method.Methods: A qualitative phenomenological design was adopted based on Colaizzi's analytical framework.Six participants who had undergone TKA surgery between 2 and 10 years prior at a hospital in Seoul voluntarily participated in this study.Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews conducted between September 3 and September 20, 2025.Each interview lasted approximately 60-90 minutes and was audio-recorded with consent.Transcribed data were repeatedly reviewed to extract significant statements, formulate meanings, and develop thematic clusters, until theoretical saturation was achieved.Results: Five major categories and 15 theme clusters emerged from these analyses: (1) life restrictions and emotional distress before surgery; (2) perceived recovery and gradual improvement in physical function; (3) acquisition of active self-management and adaptive rehabilitation strategies; (4) emotional stability through social connectivity; and (5) meaning of surgical decision-making driven by the desire for independence.Participants described prolonged pain, functional limitations, social isolation, and guilt toward family members before surgery.Postoperatively, reduced pain and restored mobility enhanced self-efficacy and life satisfaction.Emotional recovery was strengthened through support from family members, healthcare professionals, and peers, facilitating social reintegration and renewed meaning in life.Conclusions: Recovery after TKA extends beyond physical improvement to psychological healing, relationship reconstruction, and redefinition of life values.These findings highlight the importance of person-centered rehabilitation nursing and peer-supportbased recovery programs to improve quality of life among older surgical patients.