Nouns in Tutuba Language (V1)

In the Republic of Vanuatu, more than 100 vernacular languages are spoken on 83 islands. Tutuba language, one of these vernacular languages, is spoken in the islated Tutuba Island. This has approximately 500 speakers1). To date, the only known research into the Tutuba language is that of Tryon et al.2), who gathered approximately 300 words. This paper focuses on nouns of Tutuba vocabularies, and compares their meanings with examples in Bislama3), 4) and English. This paper will particularly focus on the vocabularies beginning with V, and this is the continuation of the paper, Nouns in Tutuba Language (T-V) published in 2019. The construction of each unit is shown as follows. 1. Tutuba word 2. meaning in Bislama 3. meaning in English 4. Tutuba example sentence 5. the glossary of the Tutuba example sentence 6. meaning of Tutuba example sentence in Bislama 7. meaning of Tutuba example sentence in English. In this language, subject pronoun has a realis/irrealis distinction, and the third person singular object enclitic form is =a, except after transitive verbs ending in a. In this case, the form is =e, instead. Prenasalized stops [mb] and [nd] are written as b, d, [ß] is written as v, and linguolabial [m ̼ ], [b̼ ] and [v̼] are written as m’, b’ and v’. Abbreviations used in this paper are as follows. 1/2/3: first person/ second person/ third person, art: article, B: Bislama, caus: causative, class: classifier, conjn: conjunction, dx: deixis, E: English, exc: exclusive, G: Gloss, imp: imperative, inc: inclusive, irr: irrealis, itj: interjection, link: linker, n: noun, neg: negative, nmlz: nominalization, obj: object, pl: plural, poss: possessive, pp: preposition, r: realis, red: reduplication, ref: referential, rep: repititive, sg: singular, T:Tutuba, vt: transitive verb, =: clitic marker, -: suffix marker