What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to create long-term production-inventory plans for closed-loop supply chains with minimal costs.

April 1, 2026Open Access

NII Technical Report (NII-2017-001E)：On Long-Term Optimal Production-Inventory Plan for a Closed Loop Supply Chain

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This report develops long-term production plans in closed-loop supply chains, indicating improved outcomes through optimal strategies.

The aim is to create long-term production-inventory plans for closed-loop supply chains with minimal costs.
Develops a stochastic quadratic problem for linear discrete-time inventory-production systems.
Considers both forward manufacturing and reverse remanufacturing channels.
Uses probabilistic constraints to account for demand fluctuations.
Introduces feedback gains to minimize variance in inventory levels.
Compares optimal plans using varying discard costs to evaluate environmental impacts.
Optimal plans utilizing feedback gains demonstrate better performance than those without.
Variance in serviceable inventory increases over time in the absence of feedback mechanisms.
The concept of green company highlights reduced environmental impact through lower discard costs.
Higher discard costs lead to reconsideration of sustainability practices in production planning.

Salviano et al. (2017) studied this question.

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