Monitoring the state of the sociocultural and socio-economic environment of the tourist clusters of Baikal National Park

The article presents the results of comprehensive recreational monitoring focused on assessing the impact of tourist and recreational activities on the sociocultural and socio-economic environment in the tourist clusters of Baikal National Park (BNP). The aim of the study is to evaluate the current state and transformations in the lifestyle of the local population under the influence of the increasing tourist flow. The research was conducted during the 2024 season and is based on a survey of 403 local residents from three key clusters: the Circum-Baikal Railway and Olkhon Plateau, Goloustnoye, and Olkhon. The study primarily focuses on exploring the differences in opinions among residents of all clusters regarding how the development of the tourism sector affects the economic sphere of their lives and how it influences traditional culture. Ultimately, the total benefits of tourism development in BNP were assessed. The research employed both structured and in-depth interview methods. Respondents answered specific pre-prepared questions in a unified sequence. In all three clusters, some long-time residents were able to provide substantial comments that enriched the understanding of the situation. A comparative method was used in the analysis of the materials. The results revealed significant differences in the perception of tourism among residents of different clusters, which is attributed to varying intensities of recreational load and involvement in the tourism industry. It was found that the majority of respondents recognize the positive economic impact of tourism, including job creation and improved material conditions, especially in the Olkhon and Goloustnoye clusters. At the same time, negative effects are noted: an increase in the cost of living and real estate, observed in all areas, as well as changes in the appearance of popular natural sites. Residents emphasize the importance of guide participation for the safety of tourists and fostering a respectful attitude towards nature. The data obtained have practical significance for the development of tourism in specially protected natural areas. They are necessary for developing a balanced strategy for ecological tourism development, adjusting tourist programs and routes, calculating recreational capacity considering social factors, as well as for forming effective policies for interaction with local communities aimed at ensuring sustainable development of the territory. In BNP, tourism develops unevenly across clusters, which is reflected in the pluralism of public opinion.