Methods of Teaching English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) to Architecture & Design Students in Japan = 日本での建築とデザイン専門英語におけるリンガ・フランカ（ELF）としての英語の授業法

In this paper, the methods and findings obtained during English for Architecture classes at two Japanese Universities are introduced. To cope with the needs of architecture and design students, English was taught as a Lingua Franca (ELF). Methods are based on European language teaching systems, e.g. content and language integrated learning (CLIL), as well as the Can-Do approach, based on the evaluation of communication ability as laid out e.g. by the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). As a result, students were able to learn in English to make a PowerPoint presentation, to make a portfolio page and finally to present their own design to the class. To measure the success of communication of a design idea in English, students evaluated each other using feedback sheets. By analyzing the individual feedback, students understood that a good impression is based on the reciprocal influence of visual material, oral and written English and presentation skills. This method is useful for all design-oriented Professional English classes.