Antimicrobial effects of N-acetylcysteine against bacterial strains associated with odontogenic infections

Bacterial infections of the oral cavity result from factors such as inadequate biofilm control and host immune status. Odontogenic infections involve a complex polymicrobial community, comprising aerobic and anaerobic species, and have become increasingly challenging to manage due to the global increase in antimicrobial resistance. In this context, alternatives to conventional antibiotics are needed. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a compound with antioxidant and mucolytic properties, has also been shown to have antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity, representing a promising candidate for dental applications. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of NAC by determining the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations against bacterial species associated with odontogenic infections. NAC showed inhibitory activity against all tested bacteria, including clinically relevant and highly resistant isolates. Although higher concentrations were required for some species, this finding is consistent with the physicochemical mode of action of NAC and its proposed use as a topical agent in dentistry. Overall, the results support the potential of NAC as an alternative or adjuvant antimicrobial strategy in the management of odontogenic infections, especially in the face of the growing challenge posed by antimicrobial resistance.