Exploring the implementation of Industry 4.0 in the agri-food supply chain: a systematic review of institutional theory

The dynamism of the Fourth Industrial Revolution enables profound transformations through comprehensive 'digitalisation.' In this scenario, the agri-food supply chain (AFSC) benefits from the implementation of Industry 4.0. However, there is evidence suggesting that the rationale for adopting technology extends beyond objective rationality and productivity-seeking behaviour. Institutional theory is recognised as a promising framework for studying this phenomenon, given the need for organisational adaptation. This study aimed to identify research trends and implications of applying institutional theory to examine Industry 4.0 implementation in the AFSC. To address gaps in the literature, a systematic review was conducted across established databases, encompassing publications that directly or indirectly engage with the following themes: institutional theory, Industry 4.0, and the AFSC. Through bibliometric and conceptual analyses, this work highlights and exemplifies how institutional theory, when applied to address the challenges faced by the AFSC in technology adoption, provides actionable strategies for both the public and private sectors.