“Sacred Flames:” Black American Female Methodist (MEC) Missionaries To Liberia And Angola, 1887–1935

Against the backdrop of a century of Methodist Episcopal Church mission activity in Africa (1833–1935), the lives of four Black American Methodist missionaries serving in the latter part of the nineteenth and the early twentieth century (1887–1935) are showcased: Susan Collins and Martha Drummer in Angola and Anna Hall and Hattie Hooks in Liberia. These women’s similar educational formation and demonstration of both agency and complicity as pioneers and products of their time in the intercontinental mission project in colonial Africa will be shown.