Effect of Tsunami Angle of Attack on Tsunami Force Acting on Buildings With Openings

This study investigated tsunami loads on a building with openings based on hydraulic experiments and CFD. Three types of inflow conditions and four opening configurations were examined. The results indicated that, under normal flow conditions, the drag force decreased as the opening ratio increased. In contrast, for oblique flow conditions greater than 45°, drag force didn’t decrease. Furthermore, CFD investigated the pressures on external and internal surfaces. For inflow angles less than 22.5°, openings contributed to reducing the drag force, whereas for 45°, the drag force is nearly equal to that without opening because of the increase in internal pressure.