The Structure of Value That Users Find in Park-Like Spaces Owned and Managed by Different Entities

In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey and analysis focusing on the values of users of park-like spaces with different ownership and management bodies (public parks, Park-PFI parks, and private parks) to clarify the value structure and present the differences in characteristics between park-like spaces. As a result, four common factors were identified: “emergent,” “garden-like," “tolerance,” and “lively.” In particular, it was revealed that “park-likeness” enhances “liveliness” in Park-PFI parks, while “tolerance” enhances “liveliness” and “emergence” in private parks. Public parks were interpreted as spaces where “tolerance” was valued.