Model predicts frozen droplet size in spray freezing, indicating how design factors influence results.
• A controllable frozen droplet size method is introduced for spray freezing process • A mathematical model is developed and its performance tested to predict the frozen droplet size • Solute concentration has no significant impact on frozen droplet size • Increasing working frequency reduces the frozen droplet size • Increasing the nozzle diameter and air pressure increases the frozen droplet size
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Tang et al. (2026) studied this question.
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