This analysis examines psychotic symptoms in twin samples, suggesting environmental and genetic influences on these syndromes.
In schizophrenia and psychosis, the syndrome of delusions plus hallucinations has high twin heritability overall. Positive symptoms without disorganised symptoms may indicate relatively high environmental influences, and positive symptoms with disorganised symptoms, relatively high familial and probably genetic influences, but further confirmation is needed.
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Cardno et al. (2026) studied this question.
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