Advances in component separation methods of lignocellulosic biomass

Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant renewable resource on Earth, boasting advantages such as wide availability and negative carbon emissions. Especially, efficient separation of lignocellulose into cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and realizing valorization of these components are more responsive to the development needs of biomass refinery and the green chemistry era. This review outlines the main components of lignocellulose and briefly summerizes their utilization in chemical raw materials and energy production. It mainly focused on current advances in component separation methods of lignocellulose by organic solvents, ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents. The design of separation methods, understanding of separation mechanisms, and optimization of reaction systems in each method are highlighted in detail. Furthermore, the ongoing challenges and future directions based on mechanism and industrialization are critically discussed. Our goal is to elucidate the separation mechanisms and principles of method design, providing guidance for the development of highly efficient component separation methods of lignocellulose.