What question did this study set out to answer?

To explore the structural, chemical, and toxicological changes of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide in Xenopus laevis.

April 3, 2026Environmental Science Nano0 citationsOpen Access

Digestive biotransformation of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide in the amphibian Xenopus laevis : structural, chemical, and toxicological changes

FCFlorian ChapeauCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique EPEric Pinelli CHChloé HuertasÉcole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse

Key Points

To explore the structural, chemical, and toxicological changes of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide in Xenopus laevis.
Analyzed the digestive biotransformation of graphene materials
Investigated changes in structure and chemistry
Assessed toxicological impact on amphibian physiology
Identified significant structural changes in graphene materials during digestion
Noted chemical alterations affecting toxicity profiles
Revealed potential environmental implications for aquatic ecosystems

Abstract

Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) are carbon-based nanomaterials increasingly used in industrial applications, yet their environmental fate remains poorly understood.

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