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The aim is to assess the effectiveness of palm kernel cake as a sustainable adsorbent for methylene blue removal from wastewater.

April 3, 2026Scientific ReportsOpen Access

Effective and sustainable methylene blue removal from wastewater using palm kernel cake

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The aim is to assess the effectiveness of palm kernel cake as a sustainable adsorbent for methylene blue removal from wastewater.
Batch adsorption experiments conducted at varying temperatures (298-313 K) and pH levels (2-8).
Analyzed initial concentrations of methylene blue ranging from 5-20 mg/L.
Performed kinetic and thermodynamic analyses to understand the adsorption process.
Achieved a maximum methylene blue removal of 81% at pH 8 within 90-120 minutes.
Langmuir isotherm fitting indicated a maximum adsorption capacity of 151.5 mg/g.
The adsorption process was mainly physical, influenced by various interactions.
High adsorption efficiency of 96.5% was maintained over four regeneration cycles.

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This research evaluates palm kernel cake for removing methylene blue from wastewater, suggesting a sustainable solution.

D.M. et al. (2026) studied this question.

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