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Case series identifies criteria for surgical intervention in atlantoaxial instability in mucopolysaccharidoses, suggesting standardized guidelines.
This is the largest case series describing AAI in MPS patients. This study identified the above 7 criteria utilizing MPS-specific thresholds. These thresholds allow for the qualification of pathologic findings against other MPS patients, weight factor importance, and provide guidance for how many factors should be present to indicate MPS AAI for surgical intervention.
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Menapace et al. (2026) studied this question.
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