What question did this study set out to answer?

The research aims to develop an efficient method for loading hydrophobic drugs into emulsions for transdermal delivery.

One-Step Emulsification Enables High Loading of Hydrophobic Drugs, But Not Transdermal Delivery: Phase-Inversion-Driven Double and Single Emulsions Stabilized by Silica Nanoparticles

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Phase-inversion-driven emulsifications report low transdermal delivery of hydrophobic drugs, indicating formulation challenges.

The research aims to develop an efficient method for loading hydrophobic drugs into emulsions for transdermal delivery.
Developed a one-step emulsification technique.
Used silica nanoparticles to stabilize water-in-oil and water-in-oil-in-water emulsions.
Controlled polarity and volume fractions for emulsion formation.
Conducted ex vivo porcine skin permeation experiments.
Achieved high concentrations of the drug usnic acid-cinnamic acid in emulsions.
Demonstrated stable double and single emulsions.
Observed negligible transdermal transport efficacy for the drug.
Identified a trade-off between emulsion stability and skin permeability.

Lee et al. (2026) studied this question.

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