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Clinical features and endovascular treatment demonstrate stable occlusion in patients with spinal arteriovenous fistulas, indicating effective intervention strategies.
Angiography studies targeting suspected spinal AVFs should include IIA branches. In patients with spinal AVFs fed by branches of IIA, endovascular embolization represents a safe clinical option, offering 53.8% stable occlusion rate, and may be considered as initial choice of treatment in selected cases.
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Yoo et al. (2026) studied this question.
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