What question did this study set out to answer?

To develop a method for measuring melanopsin's photoreceptor response directly in humans and distinguish it from cortical interpretations.

Melanopsin’s phototransduction and spiking response are evident in the photoreceptor-directed multifocal electroretinogram

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In vivo method isolates melanopsin-driven retinal responses, suggesting new clinical diagnostics for ophthalmic diseases.

To develop a method for measuring melanopsin's photoreceptor response directly in humans and distinguish it from cortical interpretations.
Developed a non-invasive electroretinographic technique for isolating melanopsin responses.
Conducted tests on 8 individuals to measure neuroretinal responses to melanopsin stimuli.
Created topographical maps of the electrical responses associated with melanopsin activation.
Identified three distinct components of the melanopsin response: a fast positive potential, a sustained negative-going depolarization, and a delayed positive potential.
Demonstrated that the amplitude of melanopsin responses correlates with the density of melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells.
Showed that this technique can generalize to measure responses from rods and cones, potentially aiding in ophthalmic diagnostics.

Nugent et al. (2026) studied this question.

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