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Analysis reveals institutional impact on women's empowerment and economic participation in India, suggesting continued progress is needed.
Women face numerous challenges, such as discrimination, sexual assault and abuse, victims of the dowry system and gender inequality. This study explores the journey of women’s transformation and capabilities in India. In the study, we examine the impact of formal and informal institutions on women’s empowerment using ordinary least squares (OLS) and other analysis techniques. The analysis revealed that the gap between men’s and women’s participation is reducing in India—however, it is at a sluggish rate. The study also found that the institutional setup has significantly impacted women’s transformation. However, institutions must work together to progress women by fighting for women’s empowerment and emancipation (WEE).
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Awomi et al. (2026) studied this question.
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