Network-driven hybrid control for smart grids communications with renewable energy integration

This article presents a comprehensive simulation framework for performance analysis of hybrid monitoring and control systems in power grids. The model integrates the dynamics of the power grid and the communication network to deal with how these two interact and the effects that arise due to the interactions between them. The framework is demonstrated on a 15-node MATLAB-based simulation of generation stations, substations, industrial and residential loads, and renewable energy sources, with a real-world topology. The simulation incorporates profiles of daily loads, renewable generation profiles, and various forms of system disturbances, and a distributed control system that considers the delay of communication and the loss of packets. Verify the framework with simulations of voltage drops, load surges, generation losses, and cyber-attacks, and examine their impact on system performance based on the Voltage Quality Index, Frequency Quality Index, and Communication Reliability Index. Findings show that communication performance contributes greatly to control performance, particularly when there is a cyber event characterized by high voltage-quality degradation. The suggested framework will offer a guide that a smart grid planner will use to determine resilience and develop the respective strategies, optimize communication infrastructure, and continue to introduce renewable energy into future power systems.