Power system control and resilience in hybrid microgrids: A comprehensive review on cybersecurity, stability and applications

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Hybrid alternating current and direct current microgrids are increasingly deployed to support high renewable energy penetration, enhance supply reliability and improve operational flexibility in modern power systems; however, their performance is often constrained by stability limitations, insufficient resilience under severe disturbances and growing exposure to cyber physical threats. This review presents a structured synthesis of recent research on control strategies, stability enhancement techniques and cybersecurity oriented resilience frameworks for hybrid microgrid systems. The literature is analysed across decentralized, adaptive and predictive control approaches, coordinated energy management strategies and resilience driven operational methodologies reported in contemporary studies. Quantitative evidence from the reviewed works indicates that advanced control schemes can restrict voltage deviations to below 2% and maintain frequency variations within ± 0.1 Hz under dynamic load and generation conditions, while coordinated islanding and reconnection strategies reduce transition times to less than 200 ms, improving continuity of supply during disturbances. Cyber secure monitoring and control layers demonstrate up to 40 percent improvement in system recovery performance during coordinated attack scenarios, and hybrid energy storage coordination achieves approximately 95% accuracy in load matching during outage events. Resilience oriented planning and response mechanisms further report improvements of 12 to 18% in dynamic performance indices under extreme operating conditions. By consolidating these quantified findings and critically examining unresolved technical challenges such as scalability, modelling uncertainty and limited field scale validation, this review provides a comprehensive reference for the design and deployment of stable, resilient and secure hybrid microgrid architectures suitable for real world applications.