The research was conducted to study the responsiveness of winter triticale varieties to changes in effective soil fertility under the influence of forecrops and intensification agents to improve agricultural technologies of the crop under arid conditions of the Volga region. The work was carried out in 2021–2024 on ordinary chernozem in the Samara region. The experimental design included the following variants: variety (factor A): Arktur, Kapella, Krokha, and Spika; forecrop (factor B): fallow, peas, and spring barley; and intensity level (factor C): zero (without fertilizers and plant protection products) and high (with fertilizers and plant protection products). The lowest water consumption in the experiment has been observed under high-input management after fallow (434.9 m3/t), which was 45.5 m3/t lower than at the zero-input level, 1.4–1.9 times lower than after peas, and 2.0–3.2 times lower than after barley. The lowest water consumption in the experiment has been recorded on a high background after fallow (434.9 m3/t), which is 45.5 m3/t lower than the consumption at the zero level, 1.4–1.9 times lower than the consumption after peas, and 2.0–3.2 times lower than the consumption after barley. The application of fertilizers has led to an increase in the nitrate content in the 0–30 cm soil layer by 8.2 mg/kg (61.2%) by the booting phase compared to the unfertilized background. The content of mobile phosphorus and potassium in all variants was classified as very high and did not change after fertilization. The highest grain yield was obtained when wheat was grown after fallow, reaching 5.71 t/ha, which is 1.8 times higher than the yield after peas and 2.7 times higher than that after barley. The average yield of the Arktur variety was 3.79 t/ha, exceeding the mean yield of the other varieties by 0.10–0.22 t/ha (2.7–6.2%). Intensification agents significantly increased the yield of triticale after fallow (by 0.54 t/ha, or by 9.9%), after peas (by 0.55 t/ha, or by 19.2%), and after barley (by 0.77 t/ha, or by 44.5%). Under the dry conditions of the Volga region, it is advisable to cultivate low-growing winter triticale varieties (Arktur and Krokha) and the medium-height variety Spika under high-input management following fallow. Under favorable moisture conditions, it is advisable to place crops of these varieties under intensive management following peas.
Goryanin et al. (Sun,) studied this question.