ABSTRACT Graphical abstract with three panels: a resilience framework with four capacities and six indicators, a SSANTO diagram of four bioretention implementation strategies, and bar charts comparing resilience scores by area at 10% and 25% implementation rates. Climate change and rapid urbanization are increasing the exposure of cities to climate-related risks, including urban flooding, sewer overflows, and heat stress. Blue-green infrastructure (BGI) has emerged as a promising solution to improve urban resilience. However, BGI implementation often remains ad hoc, limiting its benefits. This study presents a resilience assessment framework to evaluate the performance of BGI implementation strategies. Using a spatial multicriteria analysis tool, we developed BGI strategies based on objectives describing needs (e.g., where ecosystem services are most necessary) and opportunities (e.g., ease of implementation) of the territory, which were evaluated using quantitative indicators in a densely built urban area in southern Quebec, Canada. The findings highlight spatial variability in resilience outcomes, driven by land use, imperviousness, and population density. At 10 and 25% BGI implementation levels (impervious surfaces converted to BGI), needs-based strategies achieve the highest resilience in more vulnerable area, while opportunity-based approaches perform best in low-density areas. This study proposes a replicable methodology to site urban BGI strategically and assess their resilience benefits. It underscores the value of strategic BGI implementation in mitigating runoff and urban heat, reducing contaminant loads and overflow frequency, and improving public health in a changing urban climate.
Petrucci et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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