Preparation and determining of a number of elemental complexes with hydrazone ligand derived from ibuprofen

This study addresses the synthesis and characterization of seven new complexes of a hydrazone ligand derived from a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ibuprofen) via condensation with p-nitroacetophenone, followed by reaction with cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), zinc(II), and cadmium(II) chloride and nitrate salts. All complexes were prepared in a 1:2 metal-to-ligand molar ratio. The ligand and its complexes were characterized using FTIR, UV–Vis, 1H NMR, magnetic susceptibility measurements, molar conductivity, powder XRD, density functional theory (DFT), molecular docking, and bacteriological activity assays. Based on the physicochemical measurements and infrared spectral data, the ligand behaves as a neutral bidentate chelator, coordinating through the azomethine nitrogen and the amide oxygen. The combined evidence indicates the formation of hexa- and tetracoordinate complexes, consistent with octahedral, squareplanar, or tetrahedral geometries.The research aims to prepare new ibuprofen-derived hydrazone complexes with potential applications in multiple fields. In pharmacological contexts, the prepared complexes may exhibit antimicrobial activity, as such compounds can interact with essential enzymes or disrupt bacterial cell walls. They may also show anti-inflammatory effects if part of the parent drug’s activity is retained, potentially with improved efficacy or reduced side effects. In addition, hydrazone complexes containing metals such as cobalt(II) and copper(II) have been reported in multiple studies to interact with DNA or inhibit enzymes linked to cancer cell proliferation. Some complexes may also act as electron donors, enabling free radical scavenging and reducing oxidative stress associated with several diseases. In coordination chemistry and analytical applications, these complexes can serve as models for understanding drug-metal interactions in vivo, supporting the design of new metallodrugs or improved drug absorption. Some complexes also exhibit fluorescence or visible spectral changes upon binding to specific molecules, enabling their use as sensors for ions or biomolecules. In organic chemistry, certain nickel- or copper-containing complexes can act as catalysts in oxidation and addition reactions.