What question did this study set out to answer?

The central aim is to investigate the effects of fermented rapeseed meal on pigs' growth and health indicators.

April 4, 2026Open Access

Effect of Bacterial-Enzymatic Synergistic Liquid Fermented Rapeseed Meal on Growth Performance, Intestinal Health, and Muscle Development of Growing Pigs

Key Points

The central aim is to investigate the effects of fermented rapeseed meal on pigs' growth and health indicators.
Random assignment of 72 Duroc × Jingfen White pigs to three diet groups: Ctrl, RSM, and FRSM.
Utilization of four probiotics and eleven enzyme preparations for fermentation.
Analysis of microbial changes via 16S rRNA sequencing.
Assessment of growth performance and intestinal metrics, including protein content and fiber levels.
Fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) showed higher protein content and lower fiber and anti-nutritional factors.
Increased microbial diversity and abundance of beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus.
Improved feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) in the FRSM group, indicating better growth efficiency.
Enhanced intestinal health with increased villus height and expression of tight junction proteins.
Elevated muscle growth markers with changes in gene expression related to muscle development.

Abstract

This study investigated the synergistic effects of liquid fermentation of rapeseed meal (RSM) on feed microbiota, growth performance, and muscle development in growing pigs. RSM was fermented using four compound probiotics and eleven enzyme preparations, and microbial changes were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Seventy-two Duroc × Jingfen White pigs were randomly assigned to three groups: soybean meal (Ctrl), RSM, and fermented RSM (FRSM). FRSM showed higher trichloroacetic acid-soluble protein (TCA-sp) content and significantly lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), and toxins (TS) (p < 0.01). Fermentation increased microbial diversity, with higher abundances of Lactobacillus and Pediococcus. Compared with Ctrl and RSM, the feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) decreased in the FRSM group (p < 0.01). FRSM also improved serum antioxidant capacity, enhanced intestinal villus height (VH)and villus height/crypt depth ratio (VH/CD), and upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, occludin) and the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 (p < 0.01). FRSM group also increased myofiber diameter and cross-sectional area in the longissimus dorsi and elevated MyoD, MyoG and Myf5 expression (p < 0.01). RNA-seq revealed 2094 differentially expressed genes enriched in metabolic pathways. Overall, FRSM improved growth performance, intestinal health, and muscle development in growing pigs, which may guide the development of protein resource utilization technologies.

Effect of Bacterial-Enzymatic Synergistic Liquid Fermented Rapeseed Meal on Growth Performance, Intestinal Health, and Muscle Development of Growing Pigs

Key Points

Abstract

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