This review demonstrates the role of mesenchymal cell therapies in kidney injury, suggesting safer cell-free alternatives for effective treatment.
Across diverse settings of acute and chronic kidney injury, MSC-based therapies act primarily as modulators of early pathogenic cascades rather than curative interventions for advanced damage. Their efficacy critically depends on timing, disease context and micro-environmental conditioning. Increasingly, cell-free strategies based on EVs offer scalable and potentially safer alternatives, supporting the translational development of context-adapted and combinatorial strategies.
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Navez et al. (2026) studied this question.
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